The Cleveland Museum of Art
Collection Online as of July 3, 2024
The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16 October 1834
1835
(British, 1775–1851)
Framed: 123.5 x 153.5 x 12 cm (48 5/8 x 60 7/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 92 x 123.2 cm (36 1/4 x 48 1/2 in.)
Bequest of John L. Severance 1942.647
Did You Know?
Turner painted two versions of this event. Cleveland's painting views the fire downriver, from the southeast bank of the Thames, while the second version at the Philadelphia Museum of Art views the fire from directly across Westminster Bridge.Description
Fire consumed London’s famous Houses of Parliament on the night of October 16, 1834, and people gathered along the banks of the river Thames to gaze in awe at the horrifying spectacle. Initially, a low tide made it difficult to pump water to land and hampered steamers towing firefighting equipment along the river. The blaze burned uncontrollably for hours.J. M. W. Turner records the struggle as the boats in the lower-right corner head toward the flames. Although Turner based the painting on an actual event, he magnified the height of the flames, using the disaster as the starting point to express man’s helplessness when confronted with the destructive powers of nature. Brilliant swathes of color and variable atmospheric effects border on abstraction.
- Bought from the artist by John Garth Marshall [1765-1845], Headingly House, Leeds, United Kingdom, and by descent.1888(Christie's, London, United Kingdom, April 28, 1888, under the name of Ponsford.Descended in the Marshall family through Victor Marshall of Mark Coniston to James Marshall.1920(Leicester Gallery, London, United Kingdom, 1920, sale; but returned to owner)1922(Knoedler, London, United Kingdom, 1922, sold to John L. Severance)1922-1936John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland, OH, by bequest in 1936 to the Cleveland Museum of Art1942-The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH
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London, United Kingdom: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1959. Reproduced: no. 353, pl. 48Rothenstein, John, and Martin Butlin. Turner. New York, NY: G. Braziller, 1964. Mentioned: p. 48-50, 54; Reproduced: p, 64, opl. xviiBirren, Faber. History of Color in Painting, With New Principles of Color Expression. New York, NY: Reinhold Pub. Corp, 1965. Reproduced: p. 261, pl. xi; Mentioned: p. 185, 260The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. Reproduced: p. 183 archive.orgLindsay, Jack. J.M.W. Turner: His Life and Work; A Critical Biography. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1966. Mentioned and reproduced: p. 178-182, 187, 204Gowing, Lawrence. Turner: Imagination and Reality. New York, NY. Museum of Modern Art,1966. Mentioned: p. 45,59; Reproduced: no, 10Arnason, H. H. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1968. Reproduced: p. 16, pl. 2Gatt, Giuseppe. 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Geneva, Switzerland : Skira; New York, NY : Distributed in the United States by World Pub. Co., 1970. Reproduced: p. 98Munro, Thomas. Form and Style in the Arts: An Introduction to Aesthetic Morphology. Cleveland, OH: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1970. Reproduced: pl. IITurner, J. M. W. Tānā = Turner. Tokyo, Japan: Bijutsu shuppan-sha, 1970. Reproduced: p. 5L'impressionnisme. Paris, France: Réalités, 1971. Reproduced: p. 38Valsecchi, Marco. Landscape Painting of the 19th Century. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1971. Reproduced: p. 371, pl. 9Clark, Kenneth. The Romantic Rebellion: Romantic Versus Classic Art. London, United Kingdom: Sotheby Parke Bernet Publications Ltd., 1973. Reproduced: p. 256Philadelphia Museum of Art, and George H. Marcus. Treasures of the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the John G. Johnson Collection. Philadelphia, PA: The Museum, 1973. Reproduced: p. 73Centraal Museum (Utrecht, Netherlands). Landschap in Utrecht: Centraal Museum Utrecht, 18 september-3 november 1974. [Utrecht]: [Centraal Museum], 1974. Reproduced: p. 18Tate Gallery. Turner, 1775-1851. London, United Kingdom: Tate Gallery Publications, 1974. Reproduced: p. 142Herrmann, Luke. Turner: Paintings, Watercolors, Prints & Drawings. Boston, MA: New York Graphic Society, 1975. Reproduced: p. 42, pl. 133Selz, Jean. Turner. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1975. Reproduced: p. 59Butlin, Martin, and Evelyn Joll. The Paintings of J.M.W. Turner. New Haven, CT: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art and the Tate Gallery by Yale University Press, 1977. Reproduced: no. 364, vol. I and pl, 339, vol. 2The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. Reproduced: p. 208 archive.orgHonour, Hugh. Romanticism. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1979. Mentioned: p. 97; Reproduced: p. 383, fig. 51Thomas, David. J.M.W. Turner. London, United Kingdom: Medici Society, 1979. Reproduced: p. 18Wilton, Andrew. J.M.W. Turner: His Art and Life. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1979. Reproduced: p. 218, 364Wilton, Andrew. Turner and the Sublime. London, United Kingdom: Published by British Museum Publications for the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Yale Center for British Art, the Trustees of the British Museum, 1980. Reproduced: p. 97Joll, Evelyn, Martin Butlin, and Gemma Verchi. L'opera completa di Turner. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1982. Reproduced: no. 377Paulson, Ronald. Book and Painting: Shakespeare, Milton, and the Bible : Literary Texts and the Emergence of English Painting. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1982. Mentioned: p. 147; Reproduced: p. 149 p.Gealt, Adelheid M. Looking at Art: A Visitor's Guide to Museum Collections. New York, NY: R.R. Bowker, 1983. Mentioned: p. 367-368; Reproduced: pl. 10Butlin, Martin, and Evelyn Joll. The Paintings of J.M.W. Turner. 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Mentioned: p. 396,398, 401; Reproduced: fig. 111-1Kroeber, Karl. British Romantic Art. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986. Mentioned: p. 168, 169; Reproduced: fig. 10Larson, Dean M. Studying with the Masters: Lessons from Rubens, Velázquez, Turner, Degas, Monet, Sargent, Matisse. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1986. Reproduced: p. 48Eitner, Lorenz. An Outline of 19th Century European Painting: From David Through Cézanne. New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1987. Mentioned: p. 149, vol. 1; Reproduced: fig. 133Gage, John. J.M.W. Turner: A Wonderful Range of Mind. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987. Mentioned: p. 226; Reproduced: p. 233, no. 89, fig. 320Kurtz, Bruce D. Visual Imagination: An Introduction to Art. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Reproduced: p. 178, fig. 7-19Wilton, Andrew. Turner in His Time. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1987. Mentioned: p. 183-184; Reproduced: p. 206Adams, Steven. The Art of the Pre-Raphaelites. Secaucus, NJ.: Chartwell Books, 1988. Reproduced: p. 46Robinson, Jeremy. The Light Eternal: A Study of J.M.W. Turner. London, United Kingdom: Crescent Moon, 1989. Reproduced: p. 64Ginzburg Carignani, Silvia. Turner. New York, NY: Arch Cape Press, 1990. Reproduced: p. 17, fig. 43Klien, Wolfgang. Der Siegeszug der Landschaftsmalerei: eine Entwicklungsgeschichte der Landschaftsmalerei in Europa. Hamburg, Germany: Jahn & Ernst, 1990. Reproduced: p. 71Ferrier, Jean-Louis, and Sophie Monneret. L'aventure de l'art au XIXe siècle. Paris. France: Hachette 1991. Reproduced: p. 378Mathes, Charles. Treasures of American Museums. New York, NY: Mallard Press, 1991. Reproduced: p. 121, fig. 6Meyer, Laure. Les maîtres du paysage anglais: de la Renaissance à nos jours. Paris, France: Terrail, 1992. Mentioned: p. 110; Reproduced: p. 112-113Lyles, Anne. Turner: the Fifth Decade: Watercolours 1830-1840. London, United Kingdom: Tate Gallery, 1992. Mentioned and reproduced: p. 71-73Nagata, Yoshio. Tānā = William Turner. Tōkyō, Japan: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1992. Reproduced: pl. 50Breuille, Jean-Philippe. L'Art du XIXe siècle: dictionnaire de peinture et de sculpture. Paris, France: Larousse, 1993. Reproduced: p. 719Daniels, Stephen. Fields of Vision: Landscape Imagery and National Identity in England and the United States. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity, 1993. Mentioned: p. 130, 132, 134; Reproduced: p. 136, fig. 8Robinson, Michelle, and J. M. W. Turner. J.M.W. Turner's The Burning of the Houses of Parliament, 16th October, 1834, an Allegory of Misrule. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1994. Reproduced: p. 48Kenner, Robert. J.M.W. Turner. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1995. Reproduced: p. 76Egerton, Judy. Turner, the Fighting Temeraire. London, United Kingdom: National Gallery Publications, 1995. Reproduced: p. 79Liversidge, M. J. H., and Catharine Edwards. Imagining Rome: British Artists and Rome in the Nineteenth Century. 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Das Dach der Welt seine Geschichte, seine Magie, sein Gesicht und seine Sprache. Baden, Germany: Ed. Lammerhuber, 1998.Marceau, Jo. Art: A World History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley, 1997. Reproduced: p. 462Lambourne, Lionel. Victorian Painting. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press, 1999. Mentioned: p. 22-23; Reproduced: no. 18D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings: Part Four;European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999. Reproduced: p. 213Butlin, Martin, Luke Herrmann, and Evelyn Joll. The Oxford Companion to J.M.W. Turner. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2001. Reproduced: pl. 21Wilton, Andrew and Georg-W. Költzsch. William Turner: Licht und Farbe : eine Ausstellung in Zusammenarbeit mit Tate. Köln, Germany: DuMont, 2001. Reproduced: p. 248; Mentioned: p. 362May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001. Mentioned: p. 47-48; Reproduced: p. 47Meslay, Olivier. l'incendie de la peinture. Paris, France: Gallimard, 2004. Mentioned and reproduced: p. 98-99Adams, Laurie. A History of Western Art. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Reproduced: p. 407, fig. 22.14Owen, Susan Margaret. Rivers and the British Landscape. Lancaste, United Kingdomr: Carnegie, 2005. Reproduced: p. 163Meslay, Olivier. Turner: Life and Landscape. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 2005. Mentioned and reproduced: p. 98-99Iacono, Margaret. Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art. New York, NY: The Frick Collection, 2006 Mentioned: p. 70-73; Reproduced: no. 14Gage, John. Colour in Art. London, United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson, 2006. Reproduced: p. 74, fig. 64Channing, Laurence, "Personal and Professional", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 46 no. 10, December 2006 Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4 archive.orgWarrell, Ian and Franklin Kelly. J.M.W. Turner. London, United Kingdom: Tate Publishing, 2007. Reproduced: p. 184, fig. 130Gage, John, Hélène Tronc, and Odile Ménégaux. Turner. Paris, France: Citadelles & Mazenod, 2010 Mentioned: p. 356-357; Reproduced: fig. 282, front dust jacketOgée, Frédéric. Turner les paysages absolus. Paris, France: Hazan, 2010. Mentioned and reproduced: p. 186-187Arnason, H. Harvard, and Elizabeth Mansfield. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010. Reproduced: p. 13, no. 1.15Adams, Laurie. A History of Western Art. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Reproduced: p. 411, fig. 22.15Richter-Musso, Ines, Ortrud Westheider, James Hamilton, and Michael Philipp. Turner and the Elements. Munich, Germany: Hirmer, 2011. Reproduced: p. 184, no. 7.Buren, Daniel. Revealed: Turner Contemporary Opens. Margate, United Kingdom: Turner Contemporary, 2011. Reproduced: p. 22Costello, Leo. J.M.W. Turner and the Subject of History. Farnham, Surrey, United Kingdom: Ashgate, 2012. Reproduced: p. 95, fig. 2.17Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012. Mentioned and reproduced: p. 228-229Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014. Mentioned and reproduced: P. 288Moyle, Franny, and J. M. W. Turner. Turner: The Extraordinary Life and Momentous Times of J.M.W. Turner. London : Viking, 2016. Mentioned: p. 381; Reproduced: endpapersLapucci, Roberta & Borgioli, Leonardo. "Un inedito duplice bozetto di Joseph Mallallord William Turner." Kermes: la rivista del restauro 29, no.101/102 (Jan./June 2016). Reproduced: p. 110; fig. 3Cheshire, Lee. London in Paint. London, United Kingdom : Tate Publishing, 2017. Mentioned & reproduced: P. 40Sotheby's. "Critical Reception." Old Masters, Evening Sale, July 5, 2017: 116-119. Reproduced: p. 119, fig. 18Hunter, Matthew C. "Curve, Line, Circle, Slash, Cross: A Diagram of Liquid Intelligence." Grey Room 69 (Fall 2017): 6-23. Reproduced: p. 13"A Bright New Welcome: The corridor in the museum's main entrance will be flooded with lights and color by Spencer Finch's Color Test 2010 (9 Permutations).” Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 58. no. 2 (March/April 2018): 30-31. Reproduced: P. 31 and Mentioned: P. 30.Ehrlich, Linda C. "Turning Away from the Fire: A New Look at Films of Kore-eda Hirokazu." Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media 60, no. 1 (Spring 2019): 116-140.
Reproduced: p. 118, fig. 2“Reimaging the British Galleries: Our curators preview the new look of the space.” Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 59, no. 6 (November/December 2019): 5-7. Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 5.Masello, David. "Backlit: looking into Turner's light." Fine Art Connoisseur 17, no. 1 (January/February 2020): 90-93. Reproduced: p.92Reynolds, Graham. Turner. [Place of publication not identified]: Thames & Hudson, 2020. Reproduced: P. 157; Mentioned: P. 156, no. 142Faroult, Guillaume, Sophie Barthélémy, Sandra Buratti-Hasan, and Jenny Gaschke. Absolutely bizarre !: les drôles d'histoire de l'école de Bristol (1800-1840). 2020, 114. Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 113-114, fig. 46.Arcangeli, Francesco, and Filippo Milani. Dal romanticismo all'informale. 2020, 183. Mentioned: p. 192; reproduced: p. 183, No. 160.Imhof, Michael, and J. M. W. Turner. William Turner: Leben und Werk. Petersberg : Michael Imhof Verlag, 2023. Mentioned: p. 195; reproduced: pp. 192-193 - Turner's Modern World. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (October 17, 2021-February 6, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/turners-modern-world; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (March 27-July 10, 2022) https://www.mfa.org/exhibition/turners-modern-world.British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).J.M.W. Turner. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 1, 2007-January 6, 2008); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (February 10-May 25, 2008).Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).CMA Highlights. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).J. M. Turner. Museum Folkwang, 45128 Essen, Germany (organizer) (September 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).Turner. National Gallery of Australia (organizer) (March 16-June 10, 1996).Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).Turner Watercolors from The British Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 27-November 27, 1977).The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons. Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1835).Works of British Artists. British Institution, London, United Kingdom (1836).National Exhibition of Works of Art. Leeds, United Kingdom, lent by J. G. Marshall, Esg. (1868)Exhibition of works by the old master and deceased masters of the British school. Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom, lent by Victor Marshall, Esg. (1883),Turner: Imagination and Reality. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 23-June 19, 1966).Art: The International Language. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, lent by the Estate of John L. Severance (June 26-October 4, 1936).
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